auxilary methods for state
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Daniel Tsvetkov
parent
911d58bfde
commit
61f346c8bb
@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
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import random
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from collections import defaultdict
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from functools import reduce
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from numbers import Complex
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from typing import Union
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import numpy as np
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from numbers import Complex
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import sympy
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import sympy as sp
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from load_test import sizeof_fmt
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@ -105,6 +104,9 @@ class Matrix(object):
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def complex_conjugate(self):
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return Matrix(self._complex_conjugate())
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def __repr__(self):
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return str(self.m)
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class Vector(Matrix):
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def __init__(self, m: ListOrNdarray = None, *args, **kwargs):
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@ -168,17 +170,29 @@ class State(Vector):
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def __repr__(self):
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if not self.name:
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for well_known_state in well_known_states:
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if self == well_known_state:
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return repr(well_known_state)
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for used_state in UNIVERSE_STATES:
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if self == used_state:
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return repr(used_state)
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next_state_sub = ''.join([REPR_MATH_SUBSCRIPT_NUMBERS[int(d)] for d in str(len(UNIVERSE_STATES))])
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self.name = '{}{}'.format(REPR_GREEK_PSI, next_state_sub)
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if np.count_nonzero(self.m == 1):
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fmt_str = self.get_fmt_of_element()
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index = np.where(self.m == [1])[0][0]
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self.name = fmt_str.format(index)
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else:
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for well_known_state in well_known_states:
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try:
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if self == well_known_state:
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return repr(well_known_state)
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except:
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...
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for used_state in UNIVERSE_STATES:
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try:
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if self == used_state:
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return repr(used_state)
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except:
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...
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next_state_sub = ''.join([REPR_MATH_SUBSCRIPT_NUMBERS[int(d)] for d in str(len(UNIVERSE_STATES))])
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self.name = '{}{}'.format(REPR_GREEK_PSI, next_state_sub)
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UNIVERSE_STATES.append(self)
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matrix_rep = "{}".format(self.m).replace('[', '').replace(']', '').replace('\n', '|').strip()
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state_name = '|{}> = {}'.format(self.name, matrix_rep)
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# matrix_rep = "{}".format(self.m).replace('[', '').replace(']', '').replace('\n', '|').strip()
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# state_name = '|{}> = {}'.format(self.name, matrix_rep)
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state_name = '|{}>'.format(self.name)
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return state_name
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def norm(self):
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@ -199,12 +213,89 @@ class State(Vector):
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e_j = State([[1] if i == int(j) else [0] for i in range(len(self.m))])
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return np.absolute((e_j | self).m.item(0)) ** 2
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def get_fmt_of_element(self):
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return "{:0" + str(int(np.ceil(np.log2(len(self))))) + "b}"
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def measure(self):
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weights = [self.get_prob(j) for j in range(len(self))]
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format_str = "{:0" + str(int(np.ceil(np.log2(len(weights))))) + "b}"
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format_str = self.get_fmt_of_element()
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choices = [format_str.format(i) for i in range(len(weights))]
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return random.choices(choices, weights)[0]
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def measure_n(self, n=1):
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"""measures n times"""
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measurements = defaultdict(int)
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for _ in range(n):
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k = self.measure()
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measurements[k] += 1
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return measurements
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def pretty_print(self):
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format_str = self.get_fmt_of_element() + " | {}"
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for i, element in enumerate(self.m):
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print(format_str.format(i, humanize_num(element[0])))
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@classmethod
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def from_string(cls, q):
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try:
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bin_repr = q[1:-1]
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dec_bin = int(bin_repr, 2)
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bin_length = 2 ** len(bin_repr)
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arr = [[1] if i == dec_bin else [0] for i in range(bin_length)]
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except:
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raise Exception("State from string should be of the form |00..01> with all numbers either 0 or 1")
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return cls(arr)
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@staticmethod
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def get_random_state_angles():
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phi = np.random.uniform(0, 2 * np.pi)
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t = np.random.uniform(0, 1)
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theta = np.arccos(1 - 2 * t)
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return theta, phi
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def get_bloch_coordinates(self):
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theta, phi = self.to_angles()
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x = np.sin(theta) * np.cos(phi)
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y = np.sin(theta) * np.sin(phi)
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z = np.cos(theta)
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return [x, y, z]
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def s(q):
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"""Helper method for creating state easily"""
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if type(q) == str:
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# e.g. |000>
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if q[0] == '|' and q[-1] == '>':
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return State.from_string(q)
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elif type(q) == list:
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# e.g. s([1,0]) => |0>
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return State(np.reshape(q, (len(q), 1)))
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return State(q)
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def humanize_num(fl, tolerance=1e-3):
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if np.abs(fl) < tolerance:
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return 0
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if np.abs(fl.imag) < tolerance:
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fl = fl.real
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try:
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return sp.nsimplify(fl, [sp.pi], tolerance, full=True)
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except:
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return sp.nsimplify(fl, [sp.pi], tolerance)
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def pp(m, tolerance=1e-3):
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for element in m:
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print(humanize_num(element, tolerance=tolerance))
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def humanize(m):
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rv = []
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for element in m:
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rv.append(humanize(element))
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return rv
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class Operator(object):
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def __init__(self, func=None, *args, **kwargs):
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@ -265,6 +356,18 @@ class UnitaryMatrix(SquareMatrix):
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return np.isclose(UU_, I).all()
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class HermitianMatrix(SquareMatrix):
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def __init__(self, m: ListOrNdarray, *args, **kwargs):
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"""Represents a Hermitian matrix that satisfies U=U+"""
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super().__init__(m, *args, **kwargs)
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if not self._is_hermitian():
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raise TypeError("Not a Hermitian matrix")
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def _is_hermitian(self):
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"""Checks if its equal to the conjugate transpose U = U+"""
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return np.isclose(self.m, self._conjugate_transpose()).all()
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class UnitaryOperator(LinearOperator, UnitaryMatrix):
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def __init__(self, m: ListOrNdarray, name: str = '', *args, **kwargs):
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"""UnitaryOperator inherits from both LinearOperator and a Unitary matrix
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@ -364,19 +467,7 @@ _m = State([[1 / np.sqrt(2)],
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[- 1 / np.sqrt(2)]],
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name='-')
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_00 = State([[1],
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[0],
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[0],
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[0]],
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name='00')
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_11 = State([[0],
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[0],
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[0],
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[1]],
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name='11')
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well_known_states = [_0, _1, _p, _m]
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well_known_states = [_p, _m]
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_ = I = UnitaryOperator([[1, 0],
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[0, 1]],
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@ -414,6 +505,57 @@ C, x = CNOT.A, CNOT.B
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###########################################################
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def assert_raises(exception, msg, callable, *args, **kwargs):
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try:
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callable(*args, **kwargs)
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except exception as e:
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assert str(e) == msg
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return
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assert False
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def assert_not_raises(exception, msg, callable, *args, **kwargs):
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try:
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callable(*args, **kwargs)
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except exception as e:
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if str(e) == msg:
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assert False
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def test_unitary_hermitian():
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# Unitary is UU+ = I; Hermitian is U = U+
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# Matrixes could be either, neither or both
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# Quantum operators are described by unitary transformations
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# TODO: What are Hermitians?
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h_not_u = [
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[1, 0],
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[0, 2],
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]
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assert_not_raises(TypeError, "Not a Hermitian matrix", HermitianMatrix, h_not_u)
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assert_raises(TypeError, "Not a Unitary matrix", UnitaryMatrix, h_not_u)
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u_not_h = [
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[1, 0],
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[0, 1j],
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]
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assert_raises(TypeError, "Not a Hermitian matrix", HermitianMatrix, u_not_h)
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assert_not_raises(TypeError, "Not a Unitary matrix", UnitaryMatrix, u_not_h)
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u_and_h = [
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[0, 1],
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[1, 0],
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]
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assert_not_raises(TypeError, "Not a Hermitian matrix", HermitianMatrix, u_and_h)
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assert_not_raises(TypeError, "Not a Unitary matrix", UnitaryMatrix, u_and_h)
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not_u_not_h = [
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[1, 2],
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[0, 1],
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]
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assert_raises(TypeError, "Not a Hermitian matrix", HermitianMatrix, not_u_not_h)
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assert_raises(TypeError, "Not a Unitary matrix", UnitaryMatrix, not_u_not_h)
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def test():
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# Test properties of Hilbert vector space
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# The four postulates of Quantum Mechanics
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@ -445,6 +587,9 @@ def test():
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assert _times_2.on(5) == 10
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assert _times_2(5) == 10
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# Understanding the difference between unitary and hermitians
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test_unitary_hermitian()
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# Pauli X gate flips the |0> to |1> and the |1> to |0>
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assert X | _1 == _0
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assert X | _0 == _1
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@ -456,8 +601,8 @@ def test():
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[0]])
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# III: Measurement | A quantum measurement is described by an orthonormal basis |e_j>
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# for state space. If the initial state of the system is |psi>
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# then we get outcome j with probability pr(j) = |<e_j|psi>|^2
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# for state space. If the initial state of the system is |ψ>
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# then we get outcome j with probability pr(j) = |<e_j|ψ>|^2
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assert _0.get_prob(0) == 1 # Probability for |0> in 0 is 1
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assert _0.get_prob(1) == 0 # Probability for |0> in 1 is 0
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@ -468,7 +613,11 @@ def test():
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assert np.isclose(_p.get_prob(0), 0.5) # Probability for |+> in 0 is 0.5
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assert np.isclose(_p.get_prob(1), 0.5) # Probability for |+> in 1 is 0.5
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# IV: Compositing | tensor/kronecker product when composing
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# IV: Compositing | The state space of a composite physical system
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# is the tensor product of the state spaces
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# of the component physical systems.
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# i.e. if we have systems numbered 1 through n, ψ_i,
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# then the joint state is |ψ_1> ⊗ |ψ_2> ⊗ ... ⊗ |ψ_n>
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assert _0 * _0 == State([[1], [0], [0], [0]])
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assert _0 * _1 == State([[0], [1], [0], [0]])
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assert _1 * _0 == State([[0], [0], [1], [0]])
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@ -534,6 +683,16 @@ def test_to_from_angles():
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assert s == qbit
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def test_measure_n():
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qq = State([
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[0.5],
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[0.5],
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[0.5],
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[0.5],
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])
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qq.measure_n(100)
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def naive_load_test(N):
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import os
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import psutil
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@ -767,11 +926,6 @@ def test_quantum_processor():
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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test()
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test_to_from_angles()
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test_quantum_processor()
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# print(_1 | _0)
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# qubit = _00 + _11
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# print(qubit)
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# bell = CNOT.on(qubit)
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# HI = I*H
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# print(bell)
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pp(_p.get_bloch_coordinates())
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# test_to_from_angles()
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# test_quantum_processor()
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